Design process of architectural projects
Design process
Defining and explaining the subject of the project (knowing the client's wishes)
The stage of architectural design is also obtaining information about the client. First, the designer must know what design and use the building that is going to be designed has?! And what does the employer expect from the space in question?! Therefore, the questions that will arise are: Who are the space users? What kind of activity takes place in it? What are the employer's special requests? And any other question that can be different for each user.
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Gathering information and knowing the location of the project (land).
At this stage, the conditions of the project site should be checked and the dimensions, area and neighbors of the land should be determined. The designer must consider its geographic orientation and public accessibility. Know the amount of pedestrian and horse traffic and identify the physical, cultural and social conditions of the project site. Collecting this information helps the architect to make the right decisions and even use them in the later stages of the work.
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Gathering information and understanding the climate of the region
The architect must know in which climate zone the project land is located. To be able to choose materials and design building spaces according to environmental conditions. We all know very well that the weather conditions of each region have a direct effect on its constructions and create limitations in choosing options before the designer. Therefore, at this stage, the necessary analyzes are done well.
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Examining examples of related cases implemented
After obtaining the initial information, it will be the turn of the designer to start searching and finding buildings implemented in the same conditions as his project. These similarities can be in terms of use or weather. Observing an effective and successful example helps the designer to know what points to pay attention to in the same situation. Obviously, these reviews are only for viewing and getting ideas, and it is expected to create a creative, new and original work.
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Concept formation and design ideas
According to the analysis of the list of information obtained from each section, the architect puts the basic concept (general concept) of the design in front of him and considers practical ideas for its implementation. If the use of space has a special cultural and social importance, the concept of design becomes more important. In projects such as hospitals and passenger terminals where space and traffic relations are a priority, the ideas are far from a completely conceptual approach.
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Physical planning, relationship diagram design and space planning
Determining the microspaces of the building and defining their relationships with each other should be done clearly. Although the numbers and figures of the size of the spaces may change in the next stages according to the drawing conditions, etc., schematic maps (hypothetical and without dimensions) of the location of the spaces are necessary. At this stage, the architect plans the spaces. Public and private, service and administrative spaces, etc. are divided and their position in the plan is ensured.
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Drawing and presenting documents and maps (plan, section, view, 3D volume)
Every architectural idea and plan needs detailed maps in two stages, phase one and two, to implement and achieve objectivity. Detailed plans allow builders to give a physical body to the architect's mental plan and make it tangible and habitable with the help of materials. Fortunately, with the advancement of technology and the existence of numerous software, this work is done with high speed and accuracy. After collecting the information, the design stages go through a parallel process, and sometimes depending on the work conditions, one may overtake the other. But it is mandatory to do all the steps.
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Space design and building volume
Schematic and basic maps will be useful and practical for designing the space and volume of the building. These two-dimensional and three-dimensional maps allowed the designer to implement his mental image and to some extent know about the feasibility of its implementation. With this, the initial thoughts of the plan can be expanded in line with the project's goals. The design of the volume, facade and interior architecture of the building has progressed to an acceptable level at this stage and will be ready for detailed drawings.
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plan design
The plan is an imaginary horizontal cut that is created from two-thirds of the height of the floor (from the floor) and everything that is placed under this cut line or the imaginary cut plane is marked with a continuous line, and everything that is placed above it Gird is marked with a thin dashed line. it has been shown. In simpler words, a plan is a view from top to floor, and the purpose of this work is to show the details of that floor in the best possible way. Building plans are generally divided into 4 categories: 1- Structural plans 2- Architectural plans 3- Electrical plans 4- Mechanical plans. After collecting the information, the design stages go through a parallel process, and sometimes depending on the work conditions, one may overtake the other. But it is mandatory to do all the steps.
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Interior design and interior decoration
Interior design is an art between interior architecture and interior decoration. In interior design, the designer improves the performance of the space by using creativity and design science Interior decoration is an art in which the designer beautifies the space by using accessories and existing elements or can change the environment by using them. In general, it can be said that interior decoration is an operation that is done to optimize the space of an environment.
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Executive detail design
All executive architectural plans are called phase two plans. Phase two maps are different from the initial map and other maps, in these maps, all operational details and dimensions should be included so that an architect can easily implement the building map on the ground and build the building on the ground. The map in the second phase of the architecture should display the measurements and the exact details of the work well so that the architect can use the map well and easily and do all the construction steps. (The map must be used in all stages of construction).
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Delivery of the final design
An architectural project deliverable may include a set of documents that show the project's stages and results. The documents required for the delivery of an architectural project may vary depending on the type and scale of the project, the legal environment, and the client's needs. 1. Maps and architectural plans: includes floor plans, elevations, sections and other representations that show the overall design of the building and its details. 2. Concept documentation: includes general explanations about project goals, customer needs, design concepts and approaches used in architectural design. 3. Technical documentation: includes technical details such as structural details, electrical and mechanical systems, heating and cooling systems, water and sewage systems and other technical components of the building. 4. Executive documentation: includes executive plans and construction details that help contractors and subcontractors in the proper implementation of the project. 5. Calculations and analysis: including structural calculations, energy analysis, lighting analysis and other technical calculations may be used to prove the correctness of the design. 6. 3D prototypes and physical models: 3D prototypes or physical models may be provided for visual representation and design review. 7. Reports and documentation related to the project stages: including reports related to needs analysis, basic concepts, sociological studies and any documentation produced during the project stages.
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